Car aerodynamics Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Aerodynamic drag is present in all kinds of objects. The density, temperature, and pressure of the fluid, the drag coefficient, and the frontal area of the object affect the force of drag on a particular object. â€Å"Drag determines the car’s top speed, and can be as important as the engine power. For road use, drag has a big effect on fuel economy. A streamlined car has low drag, and will get good gas mileage† (Puhn 49). The aerodynamic drag of a car plays a significant role in the car’s capability to accelerate. The ratio of a car’s engine power to the drag of the car’s body is of more value than the car’s power-to-weight ratio, which plays an important role at low speed levels where the drag of a car is not important. If we assume that a car has appropriate gears, it is possible to increase the top speed of a car only by adding power, or by improving the aerodynamics. â€Å"The most visually obvious of the car’s aerodynamic features are the front and rear wings affixed onto the car’s chassis. We will write a custom essay sample on Car aerodynamics or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now These wings work on a principle similar to that of aircraft wings† (Noble and Hughes 62). The wing of a car is primarily used to produce a downforce on the vehicle. For some cars the angle of attack of the wing is regulated in order to increase the down force present around the rear wheels. However, this also increases the drag of the car. The creation and testing of wing is usually very costly. The application of wings on any drive train type depends on the goal. Adding wings can be useful to any car that can oversteer, which also includes front wheel drive cars. Nowadays, adding wings to cars have became a fashion statement. These wings are generally of no use and usually affect the car’s performance. A spoiler on the other hand is designed to spoil, or reduce the unfavorable movement of air across the body of the moving vehicle. These spoilers are usually mistaken for wings, and people usually call spoilers wings. â€Å"Spoilers need to be big enough and mounted at the right angle to help control airflow, and passenger cars generally never go fast enough for aerodynamics, or a spoiler, to make a significance difference† (Martin, Tuschak, and Forde 59). The primary function of the front wings of a vehicle is to create a downward force that can boost the hold of the front tires of a vehicle. Adding the front wing to a car improves the turning capacity in fas t corners and totals to about 25 to 30% of the amount of downward force of a car. Generally, open-wheeled cars and Formula 1 racecar conduct constant modifications on the front wing of their cars based on data that is gathered from race to race.

The American Of The United States - 1484 Words

The American colonies were established for an abundance of reasons, including important English themes. Of these themes, religion, economics, and government are the most essential. People wanted to seek refuge, religious freedom, and economic opportunity. These three themes established the American Dream. Not only did the colonists want this life, they also wanted to have a stable, progressive government, unlike that under the King of England. Many of the colonies, such as Massachusetts, New Haven, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, were originally founded for a religious purpose. The inhabitants of Massachusetts were Puritans that believed in predestination and the idea that God is the perfect almighty. In England, many Puritans were persecuted for their anarchist beliefs, because they felt that the interpretation of the Bible was not literal enough in the Church of England. Since the King ran the church, the punishments that he enforced consist of jail or execution. To pursue prot ection, they left for Holland, because it was close, cheaper cost of living, and a safer place to call home. Problems aroused in Holland, because the Separatists preferred the English culture and did not want to raise their children Dutch. The Separatists felt that Holland was too liberal for them, even though they enjoyed the freedom to practice their religion, so they set out for America. Sojourners, or pilgrims, left for America on the Mayflower and in 1620 they landed inShow MoreRelatedThe American Of The United States778 Words   |  4 PagesInduction From before it begins the Untied States has been a nation of immigrants. In 1607 the Virginia company of London sent a 34 Man crew to the new world efforts to find new land. These first ever settlers were the first immigrants to enter the Untied States. Immigrates would continue to flow into the US till the late 1800’s when the first immigration policies were created. The first immigrants to come to the US were seeking economic opportunities. However, because the price of passage wasRead MoreThe American Of The United States1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is one of the largest countries that are made up of individuals from diverse origins and cultures. In addition, most foreigners from the other parts of the world migrated to the U.S, or become American citizens under different circumstances, especially during the 18th, 19th and the 20th centuries. Black Americans for example, arose in the American culture as a result of the numerous Africans who were being sold to the whites in order for them to work in the cotton and pyrethrumRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrated, women from Central America left their homes to seek employment in the United States for domestic work for a variety of reasons and factors. During the 1960s and 1970s the demographics of migrants from Central America start ed to shift. Originally men were the primary immigrants to migrate to the United States for jobs in agriculture. However, as the openings in the domestic work industry formed, Central American women started to pioneer their own labor migration. An example of this can beRead MoreThe American Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagescentury, the United States government made it their mission to expend from the east coast all the way to the west coast. Unfortunately the lands they wanted to expand into were already claimed by the natives that settled there centuries before. In order to deal with this obstacle, The united states’ government used many strategies to combat what was referred to as the ‘indian problem’ including: confiscating their lands, relocating the to reservations and killing them .The United States went againstRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesWhenever one finds themselves involved in the age-old debat e of whether citizens of the United States, are greedy or generous, their arguments are usually fueled by opinion rather than fact. The fact of the matter is, that citizens of the United States on average are magnanimous people. The evidence to support this claim is that American citizen’s rank 2nd in the world in charity, the fact that most Americans are generous because of their moral and religious upbringings, and that generosity makesRead MoreThe American Of The United States1081 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States has always been a progressive nation from its start in the 1700s and eventual revolution against the British. After a rocky start as an independent nation, the U.S. began to expand create its own laws and ideas of democracy as well as trade throughout the world. Much of this intercultural trading and exploration of Manifest Destiny allowed the U.S. to grow economically, culturally, physically, and politically. Emerging as one of the more powerful nations, t he U.S. became a brightRead MoreThe American Of The United States817 Words   |  4 PagesInduction From before its begins the Untied States has been a nation of immigrants. In 1607 the Virginia company of London sent a 34 Man crew to the new world efforts to find new land. These first ever settlers were the first immigrants to enter the Untied States. Immigrates would continue to flow into the US till the late 1800’s when the first immigration policies were created. The first immigrants to come to the US were seeking economic opportunities. However, because the price of passage wasRead MoreThe American Of The United States1022 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. Life in the United States began to return to normal. Soldiers began to come home and find peacetime jobs. Industry stopped producing war equipment and began to produce goods that made peacetime life pleasant. The American economy was stronger than ever. Some major changes began to take place in the American population. Many Americans were not satisfied with their old ways of life. They wanted something better. And many people wereRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American colonies declared themselves independent from on their mother country, Britain, on July 4, 1776, they sought to devise a plan to govern themselves without the constraints that had been imposed on them leading to their detachment. Prominent leaders in the thirteen colonies worked together to strike the perfect balance between the rights of the federal government and the rights of the states. On June 12, 1776, a committee was formed to put together a document that would bring togetherRead MoreThe American Of The United States1192 Words   |  5 Pagesassociations designed to promote the interests of particular groups—debtors, farmers, artisans, seaman (74)† were emerging throughout the states. In order to get their points across, they frequently resorted to vigilante methods. As soon as the war stopped, trade with the British seemed to start where it left off. British ships clogged American harbors and traders offered Americans low, easy credit. All classes lived in moderate luxury even if they could not afford it. Those still committed to the ideal of

Applications of Data Mining In Business-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Briefly Summarise why Data mining is used in Business. 2.Discuss about the about the Privacy, Security and Ethical implications of Data mining. Answers: Introduction: Data mining is a process, which involves discovery of patterns using database management system, machine language and statistics methods. It is a sub part of computer science where the requirements needed is information extraction from a data set and transformation into a simple language for futuristic use. Data mining is the next step followed for the analysis of knowledge discovery in databases. This report consists of the definition of data mining and its requirement in business. The report is referenced with a recent example to understand the reason. This report also includes the ethical, security and privacy problems of adopting data mining processes along with some examples to support the statements. 1.Applications of data mining in business: Data mining is a very powerful and new tool with a potential to help business organizations or companies acquire the most important aspects, which is customer behavior and new client behavior. Data mining is a process of discovery of knowledge, which requires computer operation to search large data sets and find patterns to analyze the meanings in those data sets (Larose, 2014). The tools involved in data mining is used to predict behaviors of targeted customers and future trends which causes the business organizations or company involved make good decisions in almost every industries including finance, health, retail and production. By analyzing the data sets by technology of pattern recognition and statistical/mathematical tools, data mining identifies facts, relations or patterns. The detailed uses of data mining includes customer churn which depicts the loyalty of the customer, market segmentation which consists of characteristics of the customers, fraud detection which shows the likeliness of fraud transactions. It also includes direct marketing that allows the highest conversion rates in the market, interactive marketing, which depicts the interests of users accessing a website (Shmueli Lichtendahl 2017). In addition, trend analysis shows the difference in behavior in customers over a one-month gap, market basket analyzing helps the business organizations or companies to understand the favorable outcome of products to be purchased together with another. Data mining in business involves technologies that help to provide predictable, historical and current strategies that could be implied in the business. The functions of data mining include process mining, online analytics, reporting, text mining, event processing, performance management, and predictive ana lysis (Provost Fawcett, 2013). Data mining can help the decision makers in a company or business organization to make successful actions and help the authorities to get information on marketing processes of the competitors, condition of the market or consumer behavior. News article about data mining: According to a recent article from chicagotribune.com in 2013, a collaboration between technical firms in Chicago with the venture capital of CIA ("CIA venture arm invests in Chicago-based maker of artificial intelligence technology", 2017) is explained. Stuart Frankel, the CEO of the startup claims to be very pleased with the portfolio and hopes that contribution to the market in terms of expansion is achieved. The name of the tech firm is Narrative Science in Chicago. To achieve the collaboration, Narrative Science developed a technology called Quill, which will help the intelligence agency in the identification of large data sets like financial transactions, video surveillances, and social media coverage. The intelligence algorithm of the technology will help in analyzing large collections of data and give a report in English. The program can make many types of formats, which ranges from business reports to tweets. The news article also provides funny information regarding the Director of CIA (David Petraeus) saying that the technology provided by them is much greater than the technologies seen in most films like the Tom Cruise movies (Goldman, 2015). In addition, they also have confirmed that the technology of removing finger prints or eye prints are still not present. The link is given as- https://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-06-06/business/ct-biz-0606-narrative-science-20130606_1_intelligence-community-in-q-tel-technolog 2.Implications in data mining: Data mining is used to get the required and meaningful patterns in enormous data sets. The enormous adoption increase of data mining in almost all companies or organizations has created enthusiastic adoption and on the same time, an increased risks and pressures of data information acquisition is accounted for. Data mining has shown great results in cases of health and biomedical research. The pre-detection of outbreaks, detection of specific genes or patterns of side effects by drug ingestion is the places where data mining has shown success ("Big Data, Human Rights and the Ethics of Scientific Research Opinion ABC Religion amp; Ethics (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)", 2017). However, the Snowden revelations, has shown that how the use of data mining led to database hack and other cyber-crime which eventually led to breakage of democracy, trust, privacy, liberty. Privacy has become very difficult because of the evolvement in algorithms. Originally, data mining provided users to access information but with modernization, the advantages has greatly increased (Xu et al., 2014). The gathering of user information caused the emergence of many privacy related concerns. For example, the process involving the use of data mining can be used to get information of individuals like number, address, drivers license, social security id, or e-mail. This has posed certain risks for collection of information from these individuals and analysis of the accrued data to create profiles of the users, which can be used in both the government and commercial sectors. Security is another portion included in data mining. The security implication are seen where the information of individuals is analyzed beforehand. Data mining also helps to confirm individuals with criminal activities and get insights or patterns of criminal activities. It can also check whether dangerous terrorists are involved with any particular patterns of crime. Since, prediction analysis are provided by data mining officials, careful analysis of the details is required before taking necessary steps to deal with as it may happen that sometimes the data that is gathered might not have any reference with the ongoing investigation. Ethics is supposed to be of help if there is reason involved but can provide obligations if information pursuing is required. For example, health care scientists who are engaged with big data are not considered for their self-interest research in terms of money or fame but by the acquisition of public materials, which is supposed to benefit people (Yoo et al., 2012). However, the use of these goods depends on the ethics implied. The right to privacy tells people to imply their rights of acting in any scientific inquiries and to benefit from them (Turner, 2014). The right to science allows favors participation of citizens in scientific works. In modern times, the development in technologies caused an increase in the count of citizens exercising their rights of participation in scientific works. In health records, sometimes people demand their rights to check for information from newly made surveys or equipments. Significance of in businesses: The information collection by using data mining process has made legit uses as well as abuses ("Big data security problems threaten consumers' privacy", 2017). For example, if the use of prediction can be applied to know the weather condition after two days, uses of it will increase and this will invite security or privacy threats. In 2014, the breach of Arkansas University system affected 50,000 people and information of 145 million people was breached from eBay at the same time. For buyers, the requirement of increased security in terms and conditions of the company or organization involved, agreements and trust seals are required to be collected from the companies or organizations that are involved in the collection of data. The requirement for more security measures like encryptions, illegal access detection and corporate methods are being taken up in the companies or organizations involved to increase security and tighten the relationship with the consumers. The need for increasing the revenue made is the most targeted concept present in nearly all business organization. The need to deliver targeted advertising is achieved by tracking the preferences and activities of the customers involved by the use of data mining. For example, the Personality Insights software of IBM helps to build an individual profile based on their activities in the internet (Junior Inkpen, 2017). These activities are presented to be advantages for the customers to provide them valuable results but the usefulness lies only within the company or organization involved. For example, the insurance companies target users based on these data personalities. These security concerns must be successfully removed as the power present from harnessing data mining can be used to detect many fraudulent activities and provide advantages (Provost Fawcett, 2013). The main aspects to reference by the power of data mining are the transparency of the processes while providing security and privacy concerns from the companies or organizations involved. The authorities busy with data handling must provide satisfactory explanations of the data being collected and analyzed and the reason behind that. People are also needed to be educated about the storage and collection of these data and companies must give satisfactory explanations about the protection they provide to safeguard them which helps in building trust. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded from the report that there are many uses of accepting data mining in business. Its implementation helps the business organizations or companies to get successful insights regarding customer behavior or market analysis. However, the risk it poses is much greater and it is the responsibility of the involved organization or business to gather the necessary information to provide security in terms of privacy, security and ethics. This way the company can improve their customer relationship and do business for a long time References: Big data security problems threaten consumers' privacy. (2017).The Conversation. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://theconversation.com/big-data-security-problems-threaten-consumers-privacy-54798 Big Data, Human Rights and the Ethics of Scientific Research Opinion ABC Religion amp; Ethics (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). (2017).Abc.net.au. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2016/11/30/4584324.htm CIA venture arm invests in Chicago-based maker of artificial intelligence technology. (2017).tribunedigital-chicagotribune. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-06-06/business/ct-biz-0606-narrative-science-20130606_1_intelligence-community-in-q-tel-technology Goldman, J. (Ed.). (2015).The Central Intelligence Agency: An Encyclopedia of Covert Ops, Intelligence Gathering, and Spies [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Covert Ops, Intelligence Gathering, and Spies. ABC-CLIO. Junior, R. A. P., Inkpen, D. (2017, May). Using Cognitive Computing to Get Insights on Personality Traits from Twitter Messages. InCanadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence(pp. 278-283). Springer, Cham. Larose, D. T. (2014).Discovering knowledge in data: an introduction to data mining. John Wiley Sons. Provost, F., Fawcett, T. (2013).Data Science for Business: What you need to know about data mining and data-analytic thinking. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Provost, F., Fawcett, T. (2013).Data Science for Business: What you need to know about data mining and data-analytic thinking. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Shmueli, G., Lichtendahl Jr, K. C. (2017).Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in R. John Wiley Sons. Turner, B. (2014). Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The Statesmans Yearbook: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World 2015, 8-10. Xu, L., Jiang, C., Wang, J., Yuan, J., Ren, Y. (2014). Information security in big data: privacy and data mining.IEEE Access,2, 1149-1176. Yoo, I., Alafaireet, P., Marinov, M., Pena-Hernandez, K., Gopidi, R., Chang, J. F., Hua, L. (2012). Data mining in healthcare and biomedicine: a survey of the literature.Journal of medical systems,36(4), 2431-2448.